COMPETITIVENESS ANALYSIS OF INDONESIA TUNA EXPORT

Sri Hidayati, Dwidjono H D, Masyhuri and Kamiso

Page No: 1-13

Tuna is a main export commodity of the fisheries sector with the average proportion of 15.31% of the total production. Indonesian tunas exported in the form of fresh, frozen, and preserved tunas with Japan and the USA as traditional markets. Through the Strategic Plan 2010-2014, Rep. of Korea has been set to be one of the prospective markets. The changes in the global order has not been only providing opportunities but on the other hand increasing the competition, so the competitiveness of products had become the key factor to win the competition. The research use the time series data of world’s import export tunas in 1982-2012 with the main source UNComtrade and Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia. Data were analyzed to measure Market Share (MS), Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Trade Specialist Ratio (TSR), and Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA). The results showed that: (1) Indonesia Tunas has a highly competitiveness in world market and the competitiveness of fresh tunas is higher than frozen and preserved tunas, (2) Indonesia is the world's major exporter of fresh tunas, (3) Indonesian tunas have high competitiveness In the Japanese market, the USA, and Rep. of Korea, with the rate of growth go to maturity, and (4) competitiveness of Indonesian tuna is caused by the effect of specific competitiveness.

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PRE WEANING GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BOER CROSS WITH LOCAL GOAT IN GEDIO ZONE, ETHIOPIA

Selamawit Debele, Matiwos Habta, Assmamaw Yinessu and Birhanu Admassue

Page No: 14-20

This study was conducted in Dilla University with the objectives of to evaluate pre-weaning growth performance of boar-Arsi bale goats. Three bucks with 87.5% blood level of boer breed were purchased from Almata Agro Industry and 30 yearling female Arsi-Bale goats were purchased from a local market for cross breeding. Following natural controlled breeding, Doe’s were mated with Boar buck to produce 44% boer and 50% local blood level kids. Does were mated in single sire groups of at least 30 does for one buck. Birth weight, weaning weight, weekly weight were recorded in the morning before grazing and watering. The experiment kids consider only kidding November, 2014 to February 2015 totally 25 kids were born and one only died until weaning. Out of all born F1 kids 17, 7 kids were males and females respectively. From thirty pregnant Doe’s 6.67% of them having dystocia. From the total 96% of kids survive up to weaning. Kid mortality rate was 4.2%. The birth weight of boer-arsi bale cross kids were 3.02 for male kids and 2.41 for female kids. The overall mean of weaning weight of boar arsi bale kids were varies by sex which is 22.48 ± 3.47 for male kids and 18.60 ± 2.20 for female kids and Pre-weaning weight obtained (175.83 ± 6). From the trial it is possible to conclude that boer-arsi bale kids have better growth performances than most of the goat breeds in Ethiopia. integrated efforts combining the feed, breeding and nutritional aspects of production are very important to make use of the breed.

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EMPLOYABILITY OF POSTGRADUATE SCHOLARS STUDYING IN JUNAGADH AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

Omede U D and P R Kanani

Page No: 21-40

Employability refers to a person’s capability of gaining initial employment, maintaining employment and obtaining new employment if required. In simple terms employability is about capability of getting and keeping fulfilling work. Individuals enter higher education mainly to improve their future employment opportunities, but a degree no longer secures employment. Companies expect apart from academic capabilities, additional qualities and competencies of the individual that will facilitate the most successful and speedy transition from higher education to workplace. Junagadh Agricultural University with the number one focus for the year 2030 of “endowing the quality of education to produce globally competitive graduates and postgraduate in different areas of agriculture and allied sector” has not carried out this kind of research on the employability of the postgraduate scholars. Considering this fact, the present study was conducted to measure employability of postgraduate scholars. The study was undertaken using purposively sampling of 120 postgraduate research scholars studying in any semester and subjects at College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University. In this research, to study and measure the employability of postgraduate scholars, fourteen indicators based on the opinion of experts and review of literature was collected. The collected data were classified, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted in order to make the findings meaningful. The statistical measures such as frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and co-efficient of correlation were used in the study. Majority (83.33%) of the postgraduate scholars associated with employability had above average to high level of overall employability.

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TRANS RECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MONITORING OF FETAL MACERATION IN A BUFFALO HEIFER-A CASE REPORT

Praveen Raj M and Naidu G V

Page No: 41-43

A primiparous buffalo of 5 years age was presented with the history of 9 months pregnancy showing fetid reddish grey vulval discharge. Transrectal ultrasonography with 7.5 Hz linear array transducer revealed hyper echoic fetal contents. Per-rectal examination revealed partially dilated cervix with a hard compact mass like structure. Presuming that it was a mummified fetus, evacuation of uterus was induced with 25 mg of Dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse) and 20 mg Dexamethasone intramuscularly. The animal voided the reddish grey pus discharge completely with in 3 days. The protruding mass of fetal bones was completely removed with sufficient lubrication pervaginally under epidural anaesthesia. Since the prognosis was poor, the owner was advised not to rebreed the animal for atleast 3-4 months after complete removal of macerated fetus.

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DYSTOCIA DUE TO UTERINE TORSION IN A NON DESCRIPT EWE—A CASE REPORT

Praveen Raj M and Naidu G V

Page No: 44-45

The aim of this paper is to report the incidence of uterine torsion in a non-descriptive ewe. A 5 year old pleuriparous non descriptive ewe with clinical signs of intermittent straining and spirally twisted anterior part of the vagina to the right causing complete stenosis of birth canal without any fetal fluids was presented. A 270-360° clockwise right uterine torsion was diagnosed. Rotation of dam by applying plank was attempted to relieve torsion resulting the delivery of a live female lamb.

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A FOREIGN BODY IN THE COW AT FLOOR OF THE ORAL CAVITY AND ITS MANAGEMENT

Nirmala Kumari, B L Kaswan and Mahesh Pandla

Page No: 46-48

A 3 year old female gir crossbred cow was presented Government Veterinary Hospital, Sihana, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan with the history of dysphagia, excessive salivation, ventral submandibular hard swelling from last two weeks. Physical examination of oral cavity with help of mouth gag revealed a visible approximately 3% portion (tip portion) of foreign body (needle) below the base of tongue. Foreign body pierced vertically downward to floor of mandible. Inflammatory swelling noticed at surrounding area of foreign body. With help of haemostatic artery forcepstip of foreign body was grasped and bygentle traction, the foreign body was removed. Cow was kept on antibiotic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. In present case of recovery was uneventful and uncomplicated.

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STUDIES ON HARVEST TIME RESIDUE OF PYRAZOSULFURON ETHYL, A NEW GENERATION HERBICIDE, IN TRANSPLANTED RICE IN THE ENTISOLS OF VELLAYANI, SOUTH KERALA

Poornima Yadav P I, Elizabeth K Syriac, Thomas George and Samuel Mathew

Page No: 49-54

Pyrazosulfuron ethyl is a low dose high efficacy herbicide coming under the group of sulfonyl ureas which is effective for controlling a wide range of weeds in low land rice. Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons, i.e., second and third crop seasons at the Instructional Farm, College of Agriculture, Vellayani to estimate the residues of pyrazosulfuron ethyl in soil, rice grain and straw. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design which consisted of eight treatments with three replications. The treatments included four different levels of pyrazosulfuron ethyl (15, 20, 25 and 30 g ai ha-1), butachlor (1.5 kg ai ha-1), weed free check, unweeded check and hand weeding twice (at 20 and 40 days after transplanting). The results of the experiment revealed a total absence of pyrazosulfuron ethyl in soil, rice grain and straw, i.e., no detectable residue could be observed. Herbicide residue was also determined using cucumber as the test plant. It also revealed that the magnitude of difference in germination per cent and shoot and root length was not significant indicating no adverse effect of applied herbicide. This emphasizes the safety of chemical to soil environment and safety of plant produce for human and animal consumption.

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PREVALENCE OF AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN CEREALS FROM NANDI COUNTY, KENYA

Anima J Sirma, Elizabeth O Ouko, Gatwiri Murithi, Christine Mburugu, Isaac Mapenay, Jackson N Ombui, Hannu Korhonen, Kang’ethe K Erastus and and Hannu Korhonen

Page No: 55-63

Aflatoxins are secondary fungal metabolites that contaminate cereals, other crops and animal source foods and are a recognized health risk. Kenya has had several outbreaks of aflatoxicosis affecting humans and pets. The aim of this study was to compare aflatoxin levels in cereals, the staple diet of Kenyans, in Nandi where aflatoxicosis has not been reported despite being a maize growing area. Maize, sorghum and millet were sampled from households and also from markets serving various villages in the selected sub-locations (408 samples). The samples were tested for total aflatoxin contamination using cELISA. Households in the study sub-locations depended on homegrown grains than market sourced. Sixty seven point nine percent (72/106), 73.3% (44/60) and 65.7% (67/102) of maize samples collected from Laboret, Kilibwoni and Chepkongony were contaminated with aflatoxins ranging between 0.17-5.3 parts per billion (ppb). Ninety two point nine percent (13/14), 100% (9/9) and 87.5% (14/16) of millet samples from Laboret, Kilibwoni and Chepkongony were positive for aflatoxin at a range of 0.14-6.4 ppb. Fifty percent (9/18), 36.4% (8/22) and 27.3% (6/22) of sorghum samples from Laboret, Kilibwoni and Chepkongony, respectively were contaminated with aflatoxins beyond Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) maximum tolerable limits of 10 ppb. To manage aflatoxin contamination of the cereals in Nandi, the county government needs to step up awareness creation of the dangers posed by chronic aflatoxin exposure to households through cereals and promote good Agricultural practices.

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TRACHEO BRONCHIAL TREE AND ITS MORPHOLOGICAL PATTERN OF CORROSION CAST MODEL

R Menaka

Page No: 64-66

The goat lung tracheo- bronchial tree pattern was studied to overcome the wet dripping formalin specimens on the dissection table. The ruminant lung has an additional tracheal apical bronchus before the level of the tracheal bifurcation. The silicon resin which is normally used in water proof/sealing material in many fields. The silicon was injected by injecting gun through trachea and further gently wiped out towards the rest of the lung area. It was filled with gentle manual pressure by kneading like wheat flour. The resulted corrosion cast specimens were pleasant appearance, easy to handle and demonstrate as teaching tools. It can be further displayed as anatomical museum models to educate at large.

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IMPROVEMENT OF REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF RABBIT DOES BY HORMONAL AND ACETIC ACID TREATMENT IN HOT-HUMID CLIMATIC CONDITION OF BANGLADESH

Hosne Mobarak, Abdul Gaffar Miah, Arshad Chowdhury, Sharmin Begumu, Rifat Haydar and Ummay Salma

Page No: 67-74

This study was carried out with New Zealand cross rabbit to improve the reproductive efficiency of does using hormonal and acetic intra-vaginal washing treatments. Three experiments were conducted from March to September, 2014 in the Rabbit Farm under the Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding at Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Under the experiments the effect of prostaglandin (PGF2) injection, intra-vaginal washing with acetic acid and combination of prostaglandin (PGF2) and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) injection were observed. The traits: conception rate, litter size (at birth and weaning), litter weight (at birth, at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of age), mortality rate of kits during the experimental periods were evaluated. PGF2 injection did not affect conception rate, litter sizeat birth and weaning, litter weight from birth to weaning, kit mortality significantly (P > 0.05). Significant increases (P < 0.05) in conception rate, litter sizeat birth, litter weight from birth to weaning, kit mortality were observed in treatment of intra-vaginal washing with acetic acid. However, the combine use of PGF2 and GnRH increased conception rate, litter size, litter weight from birth to weaning, kit mortality significantly (P < 0.05).

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