Genotoxic and
cytotoxic potential of Bisphenol A in the early developing stages of chick embryo
(Gallus gallus domesticus) evidenced by HET-MN and Comet assay
Langthasa P., Barhoi D., Devi S.H., Giri A. and Giri S.
Res. J. Biotech.; Vol. 17(1); 19-28;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/1701rjbt1928; (2022)
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is ubiquitously present in the environment and consumer products
and is a crucial environmental contaminant known to cause significant health risks
to various organisms. The present study aims to evaluate the genotoxicity effect
of BPA in developing chick embryos. Fertile chicken eggs were treated with increasing
concentrations of BPA (1, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM/egg) on embryonic days (ED) 8,
9 and 10. On ED11, the number of viable embryos was recorded and LD50 values were
calculated for 24 h (ED 10), 48 h (ED 9) and 72 h (ED 8). HET-MN (Hens egg test
for micronucleus assay) and comet assay were performed on the 11th-day to evaluate
the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity potential of BPA. Experiments were performed in
three different time points i.e. 24 h, 48 h and 72 h of exposure. Results showed
an increased mortality rate in a dose and time-dependent manner. Significant alterations
of cellular dynamics erythropoiesis and PCE/NCE ratio were observed.
Also, significant induction of total MN and other nuclear abnormalities was observed.
A decrease in head DNA content, increase in tail DNA, olive tail moment and damage
indexes were detected upon exposure. Thus, the results confirmed the genotoxic and
cytotoxic potential of Bisphenol-A that caused genetic alterations extensively during
the early development of embryos.
