Vol. 21(4) April 2017
Utilization of Industrial Waste as a Fertilizer in
ornamental plants
Devi Anuradha, Singhal Anupam, Gupta Rajiv, Verma Sanjay Kumar and Singh Arun Nihal
Industrial waste treatment and its disposal are the major
challenges in developing countries. In India, approximately 960 million tonnes of
waste are generated annually. Metallurgical industries generate about 39.5 million
tonnes of inorganic waste which contains heavy metals. Moreover, metallurgical waste
treatment and disposal are the main concerns of researchers. In the present study,
steel industry pickling sludge and copper industry tailing waste are used as fertilizer
in plantation of oleander plant. The log of plant study shows that the copper tailing
and pickling sludge mixture generate promising results. Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) studies the effect of heavy metals in plants
uptakes. Barium (Ba) is present in the soil of study area and the plant uptake Ba
as a contaminant. It has been observed that Ba content is reduced by 90%, therefore
Ba contamination can be reduced by uptake in oleander plant. Uptake of other heavy
metals is immaterial.
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Manurial value and pollution potential study of effluent
and sludge produced from biogas digester run on bagasse and press mud admixture
Bartakke Ganesh Rajendra and Deshmukh Hanamantrao Vitthal
Bagasse and press mud are considered as major sugar industry
wastes and if they are not treated properly, may cause environmental pollution.
Biomethanation of bagasse and press mud admixture is considered as a valuable method
for disposal of these wastes. In the present study, chemical characterization of
effluent and sludge was carried out to determine manurial value and pollution potential.
Biomethanation was carried out in 20 L capacity digesters with 20 days retention
time. Effluent and sludge generated from the digester were used for physicochemical
characterization. N, P, K value in effluent and sludge were found to be 1200, 100,
50 mg/L and 22600, 760, 440mg/L respectively. Other microelements like Iron, Manganese,
Zinc and Copper were present in considerable amount. Total solids, volatile solids,
BOD, COD and MPN of coli forms of the effluent and sludge were determined to know
pollution load. Biomethanation process in general leads to produce biogas, good
quality fertilizer and also helps to reduce pollution load caused by sugar industry
waste.
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Sustainable Approach for Bioethanol Production from
Deoiled Rice Bran by Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92
Beliya Esmil, Tiwari Kishan Lal and Jadhav Shailesh Kumar
Bioethanol obtained from fermentation of lignocellulosic
substrates is an important biofuel. This process is an eco-friendly and sustainable
approach for conversion of carbohydrate rich biomass into bioethanol. In this context,
present work deals with bioethanol production from Deoiled Rice Bran (DORB) using
Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92 in two different forms - free and immobilized in batch
fermentation separately. Different fermentation parameters were optimized and also
supplemented with different inorganic nutrient sources to enhance its production.
The results revealed that inoculum size (1.5% v/v) of Zymomonas mobilis MTCC 92
at pH 6, temperature 30ºC and 48 h of fermentation period in static condition was
optimized for maximum bioethanol 8.26±0.12 g/L with a yield of 0.42 g/g. In nutrient
supplementation, ~17% increment in bioethanol was found on addition of MgSO4 (2mM
concentration). In case of immobilized cells its production increased by 5.1% with
2% more conversion rate of sugar into bioethanol than that of free cells. Further,
immobilized cells were reused and active for four more fermentation cycle, with
3.05% decreased bioethanol in fifth cycle. These results suggested that DORB employed
with immobilized cells for bioethanol production would be a new sustainable method
with economic viability approach.
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Aspergillus flavipes-M1 and Penicillium chrysogenum-M2:
The potent hydrolytic molds from biogas digester run on vegetable waste
Patil V.S. and Deshmukh H.V.
Vegetable waste is produced in large quantities during
harvesting, poor and inadequate transportation, storage facilities and processing
of vegetables. The disposal of vegetable waste is a very serious problem. Vegetable
waste can be used as a substrate for biomethanation. Biomethanation is a microbial
treatment process that transforms organic matter into biogas and manure. Bacteria,
yeasts, molds and actinomycetes are involved in the production of biogas. The biomethanation
experiment was carried out in 5 litre biogas digester under ambient temperature
conditions. The present study deals with the study of molds from biogas digester
effluent. The mold isolates obtained were tested to determine their potential to
produce amylolytic, proteolytic, lilpolytic, cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzymes
by using standard methods. The two potent hydrolytic mold isolates were subjected
to 18 S rRNA analyses and were identified as Aspergillus flavipes-M1 and Penicillium
chrysogenum-M2. These mold isolates may have important role during the production
of biogas.
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Adsorptive Removal of Safranin from Wastewater using
Zeolite-iron oxide Magnetic Nanocomposite
Dwivedi Mithalesh Kumar and Sharma Pragati
The discharge of dye effluents into the natural streams
not only is aesthetically displeasing but also impedes light penetration, thus upsetting
biological processes within stream and therefore required treatment before discharge
into water bodies. In the present studies, zeolite was synthesized from coal fly
ash by alkaline hydrothermal treatment and mixed with magnetite nanoparticles in
suspension to produce zeolite-iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite. It was used as
low cost adsorbent for the removal of safranin dye from wastewater of textile industry.
Magnetite nanoparticles in suspension were synthesized by precipitating iron ions
in NaOH solution. The morphology of nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, EDX,
FTIR and SEM. Batch studies were carried out to study the effect of pH, adsorbent
doses, adsorbate concentration, temperature and contact time. The results of batch
studies revealed that the adsorption of safranin was strongly pH dependent and maximum
Safranin removal was observed at equilibrium pH of 9.0. Optimum adsorbent dose,
contact time and temperature were found to be 10 g/l, 180 minutes and 303 K respectively.
Effect of varying initial safranin concentration was also investigated to study
the removal efficiency of adsorbent. Kinetic studies were performed to have an idea
of the mechanistic aspects and to obtain the thermodynamic parameters of the process.
The results also showed that adsorption decreased with increase in temperature thereby
showing the process exothermic in nature. The adsorption of safranin onto nanocomposite
followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Adsorption data have also been correlated
with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models The Langmuir isotherm was found
to fit the experimental data better than the Freundlich isotherm. The results indicated
that zeolite from fly ash- iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite, was a potential adsorbent
for field application in removal of contaminants from aqueous solution.
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Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Soil bacteria
Mrunalini B.R. and Girisha S.T.
The molecular phylogeny for five strains (bearing accession
numbers KR856284, KR856288, KR856287, KR856286 and KR856285) was constructed for
a collection of soil bacteria isolated from different soil types. Sequences from
16s rRNA gene amplified with universal primers were used to infer evolutionary significance
and were concatenated to infer a composite molecular phylogeny within the species.
The isolates from each taxa formed tight species clusters in the individual gene
trees aligned in BIOEDIT and constructed using MEGA7, Neighbour-Joining(NJ) and
UPGMA methods were adopted as a comparative account suggesting the existence of
evolutionary relationship to traditional species designations. The resulting sequence
data and gene trees provide the first data set to analyses the evolutionary significance
of soil bacteria from varied environments. The results showed similarity to Rhodococcus
pyridinivorans, Arthrobacter koreensis, Alkaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas pleicoglossicid
and Bacillus licheniformis with bootstrap values of 100,84,100,100 and 70 respectively.
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Sulfate and carbonation reactivity in cement mortar
incorporate with rice straw ash
Munshi Surajit and Sharma Richi Prasad
Due to many environmental concerns, the cementitious
material got chemically effected which decreases the durability of construction.
To sluggish the chemical attack and the need to conserve energy, various research
efforts have been directed toward the utilization of environmental waste materials.
In this study, the effect of sulfate and carbonation reactivity on mortar made with
Portland rice straw ash (RSA) cement has been focused. The micro structural behavior
of sulfate on the rice straw ash cement particles has been studied by scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) imaging. To study the exploit of sulfate in mortar incorporate
with RSA at different percentage, soundness (Le Chatelier and autoclave), setting
(initial and final) time and compressive strength tests were performed. Through
chemical analysis, it has been observed that RSA attains about 79% of silica. The
results show that the carbonation depth increases as the incorporation of RSA increases
but the sulfate reactivity tests show that RSA decreases the amount of sulfate attack
of about 30% and increases about 8% of compressive strength compared to that of
OPC in cement mortar.
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Water based microemulsion from jatropha (Jatropha
curcas) seed oil and its in-vitro antifungal activity against soil borne plant pathogenic
fungi
Prajapati Raj Mani, Singh Upma, Agarwal Akriti and Thakur Lalitesh Kr.
In present study, water based (o/w) microemulsions were
developed from seed oil of Jatropha curcas using non-ionic surfactant and their
in-vitro bio-efficacy was evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani and sclerotium rolfsii
plant pathogens. Oil in water microemulsions were formulated using Igepal BC 10
R, Tween 80 surfactants and n-butanol as co-surfactant. Developed formulation passed
all physico-chemical parameters. Oil in water (o/w) microemulsion regions were investigated
using pseudo ternary phase diagrams at different surfactant and co-surfactant ratio
(2:1, 4:1, 9:1 and 19:1) for both surfactants. The LD50 values of developed microemulsion
F-3 (2.5 % oil) were observed 111.81 and 60.66 mg/L while that of F-6 (2.5%) were
observed 5.24 and 455.90 mg/L against R. solani and S. rolfsii fungi. LD50 values
of jatropha seed oil were found at 1031.79 and 38137.88 mg/L against R. solani and
S. rolfsii which clearly indicates that the developed formulations are more effective
than the oil. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) showed that particles size
of developed F-3 and F-6 formulations was in the range of 65.39 to 100.48 nm and
40.38 to 80.45 nm respectively. These formulations can be used as a bio-fungicide.
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Effect of silicon on nitrogen use efficiency, yield
and nitrogen and silicon contents in rice under loamy sand soil
Malav Jugal K. and Ramani V. P.
A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons
of 2014 and 2015 on loamy sands soil at Agriculture Research Station, Anand Agricultural
University, Jabugam, Gujarat (India) to assess the effects of silicon on nitrogen
use efficiency, rice yield and nutrient status at harvest of rice (Oryza sativa
L.). The experiment encompassed four levels of nitrogen viz. 0, 75, 100 and 125
kg N ha-1 from ammonium sulphate and four levels of silicon viz. 0, 200, 400 and
600 kg Si ha-1 from calcium silicate. The experiment was laid out in randomized
block design (Factorial) with three replications. Results revealed that individual
application of nitrogen at 125 kg ha-1 and Si at 600 kg ha-1 produced the highest
grain and straw yields of rice. With respect to N and its use efficiency, 100 kg
N ha-1 was found optimum. Silicon reduced the agronomic efficiency as well as apparent
N recovery while physiological efficiency was higher at 400 kg Si ha-1. The effect
of N and Si and their interaction was found to be significant for available N and
Si content in grain and straw at harvest of rice crops under loamy sand soils.
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