Vol. 22(5) May 2018
Detoxification of Dyes by Aspergillus niger isolated
from Dye Contaminated Soil Effluent from the sites of Textile Industry
Jambulingam Ranjitha, Palani Shalini, Mohanam Anand and Srinivasan Gokul Raghavendra*
The present study deals with the detoxification of dye
sample collected from dye industry located in Tirupur district, Tamilnadu, India.
Three types of dyes like malachite green, nigrosin and basic fuchsin were biodegraded
using a fungal strain isolated from dye effluent soil. The selected fungal strain
Aspergillus niger has shown maximum decolourization of the dye nigrosin (93.33%),
basic fuchsin (92.85%) followed by malachite green (90.05%) and dye mixture (32.33%)
under tube lay method.
Aspergillus niger exhibited better results under shaking conditions than compared
to the stationary method; in addition, the inoculation of fungi also brought the
pH of the dye solutions to neutral from basic. As a result, Aspergillus niger was
found to be a potential fungi in biodegradation of textile dyes of different chemical
structures and for environmental decontamination.
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Pharmacological and phytochemical screening of Desmodium
gangeticum and Moringa oleifera
Srivastava Preeti and Srivastava Gaurava*
Desmodium gangeticum and Moringa oleifera are medicinal
plants, with diverse medicinal and health related benefits. The major objective
of present study was to evaluate phytochemical profile of D. gangeticum and M. oleifera.
Common phytochemicals of D. gangeticum and M. oleifera were estimated using standard
tests and reported with their presence and/or absence. The phytochemical analysis
carried out on D. gangeticum and M. oleifera leaves showed the presence of variety
of active compounds including alkaloids, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids,
tannins in both whereas saponins and volatile oils were absent in D. gangeticum
and carbohydrates was absent in M. oleifera.
The major constituents responsible for the pharmacological properties of these plant
have been determined, but still the molecular mechanisms of most of the principles
of these plants are incomplete. Future work should be moving on for better identification
and isolation of another novel compound/s. All these preliminary reports warrant
an in-depth analysis of the usefulness of these two plants as drug against various
ailments and diseases.
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Experimental Investigation on the Properties of Concrete
using Silica and Titania Nano Particles
Sathish Kumar Kannaiyan*, Narasimman S. and Anusha Krishnan
Cement is an excellent material used to bind structural
elements in construction industry. When this is exposed to environmental conditions,
its mechanical property was largely affected. Application of nano-materials into
concrete could improve its performance. Corrosion in concrete is due to the permeation
of chloride ions. In this work, nano-particles like nano silica and nanotitania
are synthesized using Titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and Tetraethyl Ortho Silicate
(TEOS). The characterization of nano-materials is carried out with the help of UV-Vis-spectrophotometer,
Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Transmission Electron Microscope
(TEM).
Further, cement is partially replaced with nano-particles of 0 to 0.4% in varying
five combinations. This study evaluates the addition of nano-particles on the compressive
strength, split tensile strength, chloride ion penetration of concrete. The addition
of nano-particles improved the pore structure of the concrete and shows improvement
in strength to about 64%.
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Synthesis and swelling behavior of superabsorbent
hydrogels acquired from CMC for efficient drug-delivery
Gaur Ankur* and Kumar Harish
In this work we have focused on the study of swelling
behaviour of super-absorbing hydrogels based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) obtained
from market and CMC made from bamboo in lab by us. Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA)
was used as a crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS) as a free radical
initiator. The effect of reaction variables on superabsorbent hydrogels was observed
through studying factors such as Na-Alg/CMC weight ratio and temperature. The maximum
hydrogels absorbency was observed at temperature of 850C in case of synthetic CMC
and at 800C in lab made CMC. The ideal (Na-Alg/CMC) weight ratio was 0.54 for Synthetic
CMC and 0.33 for lab made CMC. Furthermore, the water absorbency of hydrogels was
measured in solutions with pH ranging from 1 to 13.
The Na-Alg/CMC based hydrogels show a pH responsive character so that a swelling-deswelling
pulsatile behavior (on–off swelling) was recorded at pH 2,3 and 8. The chemical
structure, morphology, crystallinity and elemental analysis of the prepared hydrogels
were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, SEM, XRD and EDX. Hydrogels prepared from
lab made CMC obtained from bamboo are more environmental and cost friendly compared
to CMC obtained from market.
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Acidic environment and the mixture of crude oil and
dispersant not causing synergistic toxicity to Litopenaeus vannamei
Muhammad Arif Asadi
Oil spill events could have devastating effects on the
environment and the application of dispersants could have more adverse impact on
the affected organisms. Meanwhile, the decreasing ocean pH could have synergistic
toxicity effects on marine organisms. This study aimed to examine the short-term
toxicity effect of chemically enhanced water accommodated fractions (CEWAFs) to
Litopenaeus vannamei and to figure out the synergistic toxicity effect of CEWAFs
with pH 6.5 and 8.5. Healthy post larvae L. vannamei were exposed to CEWAFs with
concentrations of 0%, 3%, 6%, 12% and 24% under the pH concentration of 6.5 and
8.5 for 72 hours to quantity their mortality. The LC50 was performed using probit
analysis while the PAHs of the CEWAFs were analyzed using gas chromatography method.
Results showed that anthracene constituted a half of PAHs while the 72-h LC50 of
CEWAFs at pH 6.5 and 8.5 was 8.695±1.66 mL L-1 and 9.29±0.4 mL L-1 respectively
categorized as practically non-toxic. Furthermore, the mixture of dispersant and
WAFs did not cause a synergistic toxicity effect. The univariate statistical analysis
also confirmed that there was no synergistic toxicity of CEWAFs with pH 6.5 and
8.5 to the whiteleg shrimps, L. vannamei.
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Synthesis and application of TTACBA resin of tamarind
in the removal of metal pollutants from industrial waste-water
Gupta Vikal*, Nisha, Ratnoo Pramila and Choudhary Meenakshi
Tamarind Kernel Powder obtained from the seeds of Tamarind
plant, has a hydrophillic polysaccharide matrix, used for the synthesis of new chelating
resin based on Glutamine. The synthesis and analysis of tamarind kernel powder-based
resin have been carried out. TKP resin has large surface area which enhances the
opportunity to heavy metal exchange with hydrogen ion and flocculent.
The Glutamine acid group was anchored on the TKP backbone in dioxane medium. Further
resin was prepared with the help of cyanuric chloride. This resin is used for removal
of toxic heavy metals from industrial effluent and enhances green technology, makes
the world green and creates healthy environment and healthy life.
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Phyto-remediation of total dissolved solids (TDS)
by Eichhornia Crassipes, Pistia Stratiotes and Chrysopogon Zizanioides from second
stage RO-Brine solution
Abinaya S.*, Saraswathi R., Rajamohan S. and Mohammed Siraj Ansari M.
The use of aquatic plants for water and waste water treatment
is increasing nowadays. The aim of the project is to examine the phytoremediation
potential of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes)
and Vetiver (chrysopogon zizanioides) for the removal of Total dissolved solids
(TDS) from second stage RO brine solution of textile dying industry by attached
growth shallow pond system. Under 10 days of operational period, water hyacinth
(W.H) showed maximum removal of 55.6% of TDS on 6th day, 48.7% in case of water
lettuce (W.L) on 7th day and 39.6 % TDS removal on 3rd under Vetiver (V.V) treatment
system.
In addition, several other parameters that directly or indirectly influence the
presence of TDS are also estimated. Proline accumulation of water hyacinth and water
lettuce which was evaluated all the 10 days, started decreasing after 6th day of
operating period while in case of vetiver the proline content was increasing linearly
for all the 10 days of operational period which is indication of high TDS stress
capability of plants. Phytoremediation will be a promising technique in treatment
of RO brine solution in economic way.
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Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial property
of poly (ester-amide)
Khane Yasmina*, Belarbi Lahcene, Mouffok Benali and Belhadj Mamiya
There is a growing threat of water-borne infectious diseases,
especially in the developing world. It is estimated that water-borne pathogens cause
between 10 and 20 million deaths a year worldwide. The use of polymers to bio-remediate
and disinfect water is gaining popularity because of unlimited benefits that accrue
from producing materials with high performance of biological contaminants removal.
Herein, we report the development of antimicrobial poly(ester-amide) and display
antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa.
The poly(ester-amide) was synthesized through the reaction of poly (ethylene adipate)
with bisoxazoline as chain extender. The polymers were analysed by FTIR, 1H-NMR
and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and were confirmed to possess final compositions that were
very similar to the initial feed compositions. The antimicrobial activity of the
prepared polymer has been tested by using three methods. The obtained results showed
strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,
where as it was less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prepared polymers
were found to inhibit both gram-positive and -negative bacteria.
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Improvement in properties of polyurethane membrane
using potassium permanganate as oxidizing agent
Marlina*, Khairan, Fathurrahmi and Sitti Saleha
Polyurethane (PU) membrane was synthesized from oxidated
rubber seed oil and 2,4 toyluene diisocyanate (TDI) at various compositions, temperature
and time of polymerization. Oxidated oil was derived from rubber seed oil and permanganate
as an oxidazing agent. The optimum condition from this process was reached when
the oxidazing agent concentration was 15 % (w/v) with iodine value of 47.5 g/g and
hydroxyl number of 112.9 mg/g. PU membranes were casted on glass plate at room temperature
curing at 80oC for 3 hours and then dried at room temperature for 1 hour.
The result shows that the optimum conditions from oxidated rubber seedoil are TDI
composition is 1:3 (ml/g), temperature is 120oC and time 15 minutes. The result
obtained was a transparent, elastic and homogeneous film. Polymerization completely
occurred at hydrogen bonding index (HBI) of 1.02; glass transition temperature of
77.9oC; decomposition temperature of 456.8oC; crystallinity of 58.3 %; tensile strength
of 304.1 Mpa and strain of 15.8 %, homogeneous and had smooth morphology. These
result are better than PU membrane properties from pure rubber seed oil wthout oxidation.
It was concluded that the changes in structure and mechanical properties of membrane
are due to the oxidation process on rubber seed oil.
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Degradation of Methylene Blue by Chitosan Alumina
Composite using Sunlight Irradiation
Saraswathi P., Makeswari M.* and Santhi T.
In this present work the photo degradation ability of
the Chitosan Alumina Composite is analysed with Methylene Blue dye using sunlight
irradiation by varying the contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage and initial dye concentration.
The maximum percentage of dye degradation of Methylene Blue onto CAC is obtained
at pH 9 in 270 minutes. The optimum condition for the Methylene Blue dye degradation
is 0.15g dosage of CAC and the concentration of the dye is 20 ppm.
The degradation of Methylene Blue on CAC is explained by Langmuir and Freundlich
isotherm. Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto CAC is favourable for Langmuir and Freundlich
isotherms. The qe value of CAC is 17.78 mg/g. From the results, it follows the pseudo
first order kinetics. Chitosan Alumina Composite could be effectively used for the
cationic dye degradation.
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Removal of Heavy Metals by Adsorption using Agricultural
based Residue: A Review
Singh Kulbir*, Waziri Sadiq Abdullahi and Ram Chhotu
Several researchers have explored the treatment of heavy
metal from effluent, the adsorbent material widely used was activated carbon. Activated
carbon remained a costly material even with the popular application in water and
wastewater treatment. The necessity for cheap, convenient and safer method for the
treatment of heavy metal effluents, in recent decades, needs to change the research
direction to the alternative production of cheaper adsorbent. Heavy metals examined
comprise Cd (II), Zn (II), Hg (II), Pb, Cu, Mn Se (V) and Fe (III). The effectiveness
and reliability of agricultural residue activated carbon are considered very important.
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