Review Paper:
Nasal Drug Delivery
System for Brain Targeting: A Potential Route
Devi Rajni and Devi Anjana
Res. J. Chem. Environ; Vol. 26(8); 180-189;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/2608rjce1800189; (2022)
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery aims to concentrate medication in the target tissues while
lowering the relative concentration in the remainder of the body. As a result, the
drug's efficacy and adverse effects are improved. The Blood brain barrier prevents
possible therapeutic molecules from reaching the brain. Approximately 1.5 billion
people suffer from CNS illnesses which must be treated with effective drug delivery
to the brain. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, depression,
anxiety, seizures, epilepsy, migraine and other CNS illnesses can now be efficiently
treated using intranasal medication delivery to the brain. The intranasal route
of administration allows for direct medication delivery to the brain without the
need for systemic absorption, improving efficacy and reducing side effects in neurotherapeutics.
The olfactory and trigeminal neural pathways allow direct drug delivery to the brain
over the BBB and this has become a popular method for delivering a wide spectrum
of therapeutic molecules to the brain. When compared to other mucous membranes,
the nasal mucosa is highly accessible and serves as a convenient entry point for
tiny and big molecules. Intranasal administration has a quick beginning of action,
no first-pass effect, no gastrointestinal or pulmonary toxicity and is non-invasive.
It also increases bioavailability. This review will give ways for improving drug
delivery to the brain via the nasal mucosa as well as recent clinical trials in
this area.