Microplastic Contamination
in Harike Wetland, a Ramsar Site in Punjab: An Environmental Assessment
Singh Kritika and Singh Rahul
Res. J. Chem. Environ.; Vol. 29(4); 57-67;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/294rjce057067; (2025)
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly recognized as pervasive pollutants in aquatic
ecosystems, posing significant threats to environmental health and food chain integrity.
This study focuses on the presence, distribution and characteristics of MPs in water
samples from the Harike wetland, a critical biodiversity hotspot in Punjab. Water
samples were systematically collected and subjected to a comprehensive process involving
filtration and subsequent analysis to isolate and identify MPs. Characterization
of MPs was conducted based on their size, morphology and color, using advanced spectroscopic
techniques including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Pyrolysis-Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (py-GCMS). These analyses revealed the presence
of MPs, with polyethylene and polypropylene emerging as the dominant polymer types
in the samples. Seasonal variations in MP concentrations were evident, with the
highest levels recorded during the summer season.
Specifically, the dominant morphology of MPs was found to be fragments, indicating
diverse sources and pathways of MP pollution within the wetland. The high levels
of MPs present risks to aquatic life and ecosystem health, highlighting the need
for better monitoring and mitigation strategies. This study also serves as a baseline
for future research on the long-term ecological effects of MPs in aquatic environments.
