Review Paper:
Enhancing rosmarinic
acid production from in vitro plant cultures: A review
Tram P.T.M. and Tien L.T.T.
Res. J. Biotech.; Vol. 20(3); 234-242;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/203rjbt2340242; (2025)
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used for centuries. Many bioactive substances are used
directly as drugs and raw materials for semi-synthetic transformations. Plant cell,
tissue, and organ culture technology in vitro is now being explored to extract bioactive
metabolites from plants due to its independence from regional and environmental
factors. It can consistently, economically, sustainably, and practically produce
secondary metabolites. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy
phenyl lactic acid first isolated from Rosmarinus officinalis L. It is a bioactive
chemical found in plants, especially in the Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae family with
remarkable activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer
and reducing the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis,
neuroprotective.
RA is widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. There are
many methods for obtaining rosmarinic acid including in vitro plant cultures such
as shoots, callus, cell suspensions, and hairy roots. This review presents RA's
chemical, biological, and biosynthetic pathways and conditions to enhance RA uptake
in vitro culture systems. The results of the studies showed that RA is found in
many plant species cultured in vitro at significant concentrations.
