Review Paper:
Review on compounds
and pharmacological activities of Pinus pinaster Ait
K. Abraham Peele, T.C. Venkateswarulu, B. Sudarsini, N. Maneesha and M. Indira
Res. J. Biotech.; Vol. 21(1); 370-375;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/211rjbt3700375; (2026)
Abstract
Pinus pinaster Ait., commonly known as the maritime pine, is a resilient, fast-growing
tree native to the Mediterranean region, capable of reaching heights of up to 40
meters. This species is distinguished by its straight trunk, thick, deeply fissured,
fire-resistant bark and vibrant green needles that grow in pairs, extending up to
25 centimeters in length. Its large ovoid cones mature to a glossy brown, measuring
up to 20 centimeters long. The maritime pine thrives in sandy, well-drained soils
and is widely used in reforestation projects due to its adaptability and resilience.
It plays a critical role in stabilizing soil and preventing erosion, particularly
in coastal and degraded areas. Additionally, Pinus pinaster forests support biodiversity
by providing habitat and food for various wildlife species. Economically, Pinus
pinaster is highly valued for its timber and resin. The durable wood is extensively
utilized in construction, paper production and furniture-making.
The resin, known as rosin or colophony, has applications in numerous industries
including adhesives, varnishes and traditional medicine. Furthermore, the essential
oils and resins of Pinus pinaster exhibit antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties,
making them beneficial for aromatherapy and topical treatments. The plant extract,
known as Pycnogenol®, is a rich source of antioxidants and has been extensively
studied for its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular health, skin care and immune
system support. This review highlights the diverse bioactive compounds and pharmacological
properties of Pinus pinaster, emphasizing its potential applications in medicine
and healthcare.
